There are extraordinary people in all fields, in all places. They reach heights hitherto not thought possible. They redefine the limits of possibility. They also do this without seeming to break into a sweat.
Madath Thekkepaattu Vasudevan Nair, adoringly known as MT, is a bona fide Indian legend. We prefer to keep him as a Malayali one-in-a-lifetime. His literature skills are the stuff legends are made of, receiving the acknowledgement of far and many, including India’s highest honour, the Jnanpith. In this series I want to highlight on what is commonly considered to be one of his lesser achievements – his screenplays.
Sometime during the mid of the last century, the visual medium started its march to the crown of popularity overtaking the written word. Passive viewing would be preferred to active reading. Though MT had to be persuaded to take this route, he took to it like the writer born. As legends are likely to do, MT raised the standard of screenplays for Malayalam movies and inspired a lot of writers to try out the medium. During my youth, a news of a movie scripted by MT would be a cause for much anticipation.
And, of course, I can only pay my homage to a genius in the Malayalam language by writing about his movies, in the English language. Hopefully writing this would encourage me to read more in my mother tongue, something that doesn’t come naturally to me.
Film: Murappennu (The Customary Bride), 1965
Cast: Prem Nazir, Madhu, K P Ummer, P J Anthony, Sharada, Jyothi Lakshmi, Nellikode Bhaskaran, Adoor Bhasi, Sukumari
Director: A. Vincent
(Hotstar, YouTube)
There was a custom among certain castes in Kerala to marry their first cousin. A practice that might be shunned as incestuous nowadays. I am not sure how prevalent it actually was. I do not personally know of a single such case. However, it was extremely common in movies. Possibly because it gave chances for the hero and heroine to be in each other’s presence, something which otherwise would be too much of a stretch in society those days.
MT’s first screenplay was on this practice. It should really have been named in the plural as there are two of them and we do not know with certainty which is the titular one. In fact, debutante Jyothi Lakshmi gets top billing above Sharada. The movie has not aged well and is more or less a by-the-numbers family drama, though there are instances and dialogues when MT tries to go out of the box. He even inserts himself into the dialogue at one point.
Prem Nazir takes on the leading man role with his usual ease and theatrics. He even gets to say ‘Mandipenne!’ Madhu has precious little to do. Ummer avoids that situation. P J Anthony revels in the best role in the movie. IMDb and Wikipedia both wrongly credit Sukumari as having a major role. It is Bharathi Menon. Jyothi Lakshmi is coy and mischievous at the same time. Sharadha should have had a better role, but even then you can recognise the actress who would be known for her natural style of emoting.
Murappennu is directed by Alosius Vincent, father of cinematographers Jayanan and Ajayan. As was probably the case for most films those days, the film was made mostly in Chennai and the technicians are almost all Tamilians.
The screenplay was adapted from a short story Snehathinte Mukhangal. It was heavily redone and other than a few characters and a few plot points bear little similarity to the source material. Other than the P Bhaskaran-penned immortal song “Karayunno puzha chirikkunno” (The river, does it laugh or cry?) there may not be much to recommend for a modern audience. However, it introduced MT to the medium he ruled for decades. That is more than a good enough reason to revisit it.
Film: Pakalkkinavu (Daydream), 1966
Cast: Sathyan, Sharada, Nellikode Bhaskaran, Premji, Adoor Bhasi,
Director: S S Rajan
(YouTube)
You tend to take a double take when the sixties’ Malayalam movie you are watching opens with a shot in front of the Vidhana Soudha! Unfortunately, other than that and the Victoria Hotel, there was pretty much nothing else that I recognised. The Bangalore of half a century ago might as well be a different country altogether.
Babu (Sathyan) is a rich brat who doesn’t know what to do with his life except spent it with a different girl and different bottle each night. Into his life comes Chandran (Bhaskaran), a penniless young man whose morals are his only wealth. He introduces Malathi (Sharada) to Babu and things go as one would expect in debauched Bangalore of the sixties.
My familiarity with Sathyan on screen pretty much began and ended with Chemmeen. I hadn’t seen him in anything else, though I was well aware of his legend. It was pleasantly surprising to see how he took on the rogue role. In fact, he was so good that you lose interest when he starts his inevitable transition into the good guy. Nellikode Bhaskaran has a really plum role. Sharadha is once again under-utilised. It is nice to see Premji in a small role.
It is scary how much smoking there was in movies those days. Sathyan is rarely not lighting or smoking a cigarette. Also, and this is probably because he was an army officer in the British Indian army, his English is quite good. And he really brings a humour to it sometime. Case in point a dialogue that goes, “Bitch, bhayangara bitch!”
MT was still finding his footing in Malayalam cinema. He was trying to find the right balance with a great story and also something that would bring people to the theatres. Pakalkinavu oscillates between interesting and the well-trodden. Right till the final moments he tries to bring in interesting questions. But then he falls back to familiarity. It could have been a completely forgettable entry in MT’s oeuvre, but for Sathyan’s remarkable turn.
Film: Iruttinte Athmavu (The Soul of Darkness), 1967
Cast: Prem Nazir, Sharada, Thikkurissy, P. J Anthony, Sukumaran Nair, Sankaradi, Philomina
Director: P. Bhaskaran
(YouTube)
Probably the second-best lyricist in Malayalam (after the immortal Vayalar), P Bhaskaran has also donned the attire of a producer and director. When he directs a script from MT, fans are in seventh heaven. Iruttinte Athmavu, which MT adapted from his own short story of the same name, is a landmark film in many ways.
Velayudhan (Nazir) is a simpleton. He possesses the mental capabilities of a child. He lives with his mother (Shantha Devi), uncle Gopalan Nair (P J Anthony) and cousin Ammkutty (Sharada). His existence is a burden for all except Ammukutty. He keeps getting into trouble. Things take a turn decidedly for the worse when the other daughter of the house Meenakshi (Philomina) returns to her house from Singapore along with her husband Madhavan Nair (Thikkurissy) and kids.
MT explores the stigma attached to the mentally challenged and how it was a taken as a sign of madness. Things have not changed all that much now, so one can imagine how progressive this may have been over half a century ago. I sat down to watch the movie for the first time recently and it was only during the iconic climax that I realised I had seen it many years before. Proof that some scenes will always stay with you.
Prem Nazir, the evergreen romantic hero, undergoes a tremendous transformation. Unfortunately, the modern viewer cannot shake away the feeling that the role only serves to highlight his shortcomings in the natural acting department. Sharada does have a good role, as does P J Anthoy. I was struck by how similar the actors’ roles were to Murappennu. Nazir’s mother is Santha Devi, his maternal uncle P J Anthony and his cousin Sharada, Thikkurissy, Sankaradi and Philomina, who we saw as jocular elders in the 80s and 90s, have very serious roles.
P Bhaskaran throws subtlety, that was the hallmark of his songs, out of the window when it came to direction. Every alternate scene is a play in shadows. The songs are a distraction, but probably required by the times. This is a social documentary out and out. It wants to reach a wider audience but refuses to dumb down for them.
Film: Asuravithu (The Demon Seed), 1968
Cast: Prem Nazir, Sharada, P. J Anthony, Sankaradi, Adoor Bhasi
Director: A Vincent
(YouTube)
Asuravithu saw MT really stepping out of his comfort zone. Iruttinte Athmavu was unusual, but it was still restricted to a family. This time he expanded his commentary to society, as a whole. With some unexpected twists and turns. It helped that he had an acclaimed novel to turn to. Note to self – read the novel.
Yet another Nair family. MT likes to stick to the milieu he knows best. The youngest son Govindankutty (Nazir) tries to take care of his mother and elder sister (Kaviyoor Ponnamma) as the times get tougher. His eldest sister Madhavi is married to a rich miser Shekharankutty (Sankaradi). Meenakshi (Sharada), a penniless distant relative, stays with them. Govindankutty’s close friend is Kunjarakkar (Anthony), a Muslim. When the normally stand-offish Shekharankutty comes with a proposal to marry off Govindankutty to Meenakshi, it sets into motion a series of events that sends the village spiralling down into a communal bonfire.
It was with Asuravithu that MT started breaking the shackles of populism. It helped that it was adapted from an ambitious and well-regarded novel. There are many themes running concurrently – the disintegration of a proud family, the atrocities that can be committed against the underprivileged, the sense of entitlement money brings, communal tensions that can be set ablaze at the slightest spark, the deadly equaliser that was cholera, male privilege and the male definition of a woman’s virtue.
I happen to think that Prem Nazir is better in this movie than in Iruttinte Athmavu. He cannot completely throw away his film star persona, but he does bring some subtlety. Sharadha is again wasted in a bit role. When did Malayalam cinema realise the powerhouse that was in their midst? Sankaradi, once again, sparkles in a serious role. Unrecognisable from his comedy turns.
I think it is essential that the present-day audience realise that there once was a force of nature striding through Malayalam movies and his name was P J Anthony. Once again, in a sea of theatrics he brings forth an acting masterclass rooted in realism and without a false note.
There seems to be gaps in the story. Someone who hasn’t read the novel might not get all that is going on. Whether it is poor editing or MT unable to bring all the riches of the novel into a two-hour screenplay is not clear. There are multiple threads that could have meant much more. At the same time, I am pretty sure there was nothing like Asuravithu is theatres. It even has a religious conversion, for god’s sake!
Apparently, Murappennu, Iruttinte Athmavu and Asuravithu are known as MT’s political trilogy. Very strange, considering all three are primarily dealing with social issues. From the little I was able to read on the internet, despite standing apart from the regular Friday releases, people did go to see MT’s movies. Maybe it was a reflection of the educated audience, maybe they were themes that struck a chord, maybe the man’s genius lay in his accessibility. A very long love affair began with the Malayali and MT, that still continues.
Film: Olavum Theeravum (Waves and the Shore), 1970
Cast: Madhu, Ushanandini, Philomina, Jose Prakash, Nellikode Bhaskaran
Director: P. N. Menon
(YouTube)
Olavum Theeravum is widely credited with introducing an art cinema aesthetic to Malayalam movies. We can spend hours debating whether that is a good thing or bad. Instead, let us just stick to the movie.
MT finally gets out of his wheelhouse. Adapted from his short story of the same name, the movie brings us up and close to a Muslim way of life. Bapputty (Madhu), a homeless timber worker, brings the news of his friend Abdu’s (Bhaskaran) passing to the latter’s mother (Philomina) and sister Nabeesa (Usha Nandini). Abdu had not been home for many years. He had left after he found out that his widowed mother was bringing them up by having gentleman callers. Bapputty’s initial disdain changes as he becomes closer to the family, especially Nabeesa. He goes to the hills to earn some money logging. Unfortunately, this was also the time Kunjali (Prakash), a son of the soil, returned after making his fortune. Will the love story have a happy ending?
Madhu puts in an understated performance. I never bought into the whole Bhavabhinaya Chakravarthy (Emperor of Acting through Emoting) stuff, but he does acquit himself honourably. Usha Nandini proves an able foil, even though her role is rather limited. Philomina excels in the role of the mother. Nellikode Bhaskaran is there for all of five minutes but leaves a lasting impression. After acting in small roles for almost a decade, Jose Prakash started a storied journey as a villain with this film. It also cemented an unfortunate truism in Malayalam movies – if Jose Prakash or Balan K Nair entered the screen, it was a precursor to something bad happening to the heroine.
Olavum Theeravum is not a small budget movie for the time. Almost all scenes are shot outdoors and there is some impressive cinematography by Mankada Ravi Varma. The transport of logs on the river during heavy rain requires special mention. The songs do not detract from the realistic feel as it is mostly in the background.
While the pace is slow, it does not drag. The climactic fight is hilarious until you realise they are going for the opposite of a stunt. If I have a bone to pick it is how the movie ends. While the short story would have made it more convincing, here it sounds false. Or maybe it does to someone in a different generation.